Miller, your illustration shows that the adjuster cable pawl is not engaging the adjuster correctly. It should be lying on the star wheel when at rest. When this system is correct, when you need to back off the adjuster manually, for example to remove a ridged drum, you should have to poke a tool in to push that pawl off the star wheel to disengage its ratcheting function.
If the cable is the right length, I still suggest that you re-investigate the seating of that pivot. Remove the spring from the hole through it, and make sure that the pivot is seated correctly in the shoe. You cannot assume that a half dozen previous brake techs did not miss the problem too. It's impossible to see once the spring is installed.
Mind you, this design of brake is like something Rube Goldberg rejected as too far fetched. That it ever works at all is a surprise. But it does if you keep at it.