Whenever I have to break down and do a rear main, once I've got the job opened up and the seal surface exposed, I'll run my thumbnail lengthwise over the sealing surface. I'm feeling for a "hitch" that indicates a groove in the crank - if I feel it, I don't put it back together as it stands.
At that point, you either order a double-lip seal (installs like regular seal, has two sealing lips,) an "offset lip" seal (single lip, installs like OEM, but seals about an eighth-inch away from the OEM,) or get a repair sleeve (last option - requires removing the crank.)
I'll turn the crank slowly and check in three or four places, just to make sure there isn't one starting. You can also usually see it under a strong directed light (which is yet another reason I love my SureFire G2 - I've seen dimmer headlamps, and the thing fits neatly in my pocket...) but the thumbnail is the best thing to check with.
It is possible to remove the crankshaft with the engine in place, but the transmission must be dismounted to free the thing up, and it's easier to remove the front cover as well (if you're feeling lucky, you can do it with the front cover in place. Either way, remove the vibration damper on the nose.)
If you get the seal in reversed, you might as well not install the thing in the first place. The intensity of leaking past a grooved journal depends on the depth of the groove.
Other things that can present as a rear main leak:
- Valve Cover Gasket. Leaks at the rear will drip down the back of the engine block
- Oil filter adapter. This usually travels along the back of the block and drips down.
- Manual transmission input seal. At first glance, gear oil can look like engine oil (auto transmission fluid can be differentiated rather quickly.) This is especially true if you're running engine oil in your manual gearbox!
A quick way to sort out whether it is or is not the rear main is to check the engine side of the flywheel/flexplate - if there are radial streaks of oil all around the thing, it's very probable that it's your rear main. If you don't see lots of radial streaks, start looking elsewhere.
If you're not sure - clean your engine and check again after running it for 10-15 minutes. And, if you suspect a rear main again, ask for either an "offset lip" or a "double lip" seal - I think the double lip is available, but I'm not sure about the offset lip.
Installation Tips:
- The open part of the "V" in the seal goes toward the inside of the engine (probably obvious, but it bears repeating. We often get tripped on the obvious stuff because we're too close to the problem.)
- Be sure to soak the new seal in clean engine oil. At least ten minutes is good - a half-hour is better. I'll usually put the thing in a cup of oil before I start teardown - longer is better. This makes the seal lip more pliable and helps it seal more quickly.
- Engine Assembly lube. You'll need it for the rear main bearing anyhow - put a blob at the spot where you're going to insert the upper seal half, and it will slide in more easily. This will also help keep the seal from getting nicked on the way in.
- REMOVAL - if possible, use a small brass rod. You can be careful with a steel punch - but if you slip, you're likely also boned. a 3/16" brass rod will still be strong enough, but it won't gouge or scuff the crank surface. With that in mind, a soft hammer is also a good idea - same reason. I use a brass hammer, but lead, rawhide, or wood will also work (as will plastic like Nylon or urethane - but I suggest you avoid using a rubber hammer.)