IFIRC, the AX-15/AX-5 issue about GL-3 vs. GL-4/GL-5 Fluid is that GL-4/GL-5 have additives that can be corrosive to the brass synchros. There were mistakes in the driver's manual stipulating the use of GL-5, but actually the manufacturer of the tranny has and still calls for GL-3 for use in the tranny.
Something I read on the RedLine Synthetic Fluid site is that if GL-4/GL-5 fluid reaches a certain temperature, the fluid becomes corrosive to the synchro. Might explain why there is varying results, some have had their synchros eaten up by GL-5, others have used it for years with no problems. I suspect, those that got by fine, never got their tranny fluid hot, while those that had their eaten up did get their fluid hot, either off roading or towing, etc.
Concurr with RichP on the differential, differentials are under a lot of pressure, the higher the GL the better they stand up to the pressure. Synthetic Diff Fluid also has a lot of advantages for diffs, they stand up to the pressure like GL-5, but flow better cold like a GL-3 and thus you get the best of both worlds.
The Limited Slip, that has clutches in it, which is most of them, needs a friction modifier (make it more slippery). If you have an LSD, then you need to buy the Friction Modifier as an additive and add it to the diff or buy the exact recommended fluid.
Use the wrong fluid for a LSD and the clutches won't grap right, you'll get noise and shock in the drivetrain, and tires can even break loose during turns from the clutches disengaging/engaging incorrectly.